Development and Research of a Smart IoT-Enabled Bread Making Machine with Real-Time Browser Interface

Abstract

This development proposes an IoT-based application for automatic bread making, providing new opportunities for convenience and customisation of the process. The use of IoT technologies allows connectivity with other smart devices in the home while improving efficiency and control over baking. The developed system includes local control, which provides speed and security through physical connectivity to the home network and eliminates dependence on an Internet connection. The IoT functionality of the machine provides monitoring of basic parameters such as temperature and time for fermentation and baking. The application of a PID regulator significantly improves temperature control, reducing deviations from 15°C with relay control to 4°C after refinement. This leads to more precise baking and improved quality of the final product. The traditional buttons and small displays of commercially available bread machines have been replaced by an intuitive HMI interface and web monitoring via ESP8266, which facilitates machine management. Research has shown that controlling the temperature below 220°C reduces the formation of acrylamide in the bread crust, with the machine set to operate at 162°C. Research in this area has been expanded, and programs have been implemented to prepare bread with alternative flours rich in nutrients. Future development opportunities include the application of AI and predictive models to optimise fermentation and baking processes, as well as integration with smart AI enabled systems such as Alexa+ and Google Home.